2 Regexp::Wildcards - Converts wildcard expressions to Perl regular
11 my $rw = Regexp::Wildcards->new(type => 'unix');
14 $re = $rw->convert('a{b?,c}*'); # Do it Unix shell style.
15 $re = $rw->convert('a?,b*', 'win32'); # Do it Windows shell style.
16 $re = $rw->convert('*{x,y}?', 'jokers'); # Process the jokers and escape the rest.
17 $re = $rw->convert('%a_c%', 'sql'); # Turn SQL wildcards into regexps.
19 $rw = Regexp::Wildcards->new(
20 do => [ qw<jokers brackets> ], # Do jokers and brackets.
21 capture => [ qw<any greedy> ], # Capture *'s greedily.
24 $rw->do(add => 'groups'); # Don't escape groups.
25 $rw->capture(rem => [ qw<greedy> ]); # Actually we want non-greedy matches.
26 $re = $rw->convert('*a{,(b)?}?c*'); # '(.*?)a(?:|(b).).c(.*?)'
27 $rw->capture(); # No more captures.
30 In many situations, users may want to specify patterns to match but
31 don't need the full power of regexps. Wildcards make one of those sets
32 of simplified rules. This module converts wildcard expressions to Perl
33 regular expressions, so that you can use them for matching.
35 It handles the "*" and "?" jokers, as well as Unix bracketed
36 alternatives "{,}", but also "%" and "_" SQL wildcards. If required, it
37 can also keep original "(...)" groups or "^" and "$" anchors. Backspace
38 ("\") is used as an escape character.
40 Typesets that mimic the behaviour of Windows and Unix shells are also
44 "new [ do => $what | type => $type ], capture => $captures"
45 Constructs a new Regexp::Wildcard object.
47 "do" lists all features that should be enabled when converting wildcards
48 to regexps. Refer to "do" for details on what can be passed in $what.
50 The "type" specifies a predefined set of "do" features to use. See
51 "type" for details on which types are valid. The "do" option overrides
54 "capture" lists which atoms should be capturing. Refer to "capture" for
57 "do [ $what | set => $c1, add => $c2, rem => $c3 ]"
58 Specifies the list of metacharacters to convert or to prevent for
59 escaping. They fit into six classes :
63 Converts "?" to "." and "*" to ".*".
65 'a**\\*b??\\?c' ==> 'a.*\\*b..\\?c'
69 Converts "_" to "." and "%" to ".*".
71 'a%%\\%b__\\_c' ==> 'a.*\\%b..\\_c'
75 Converts all "," to "|" and puts the complete resulting regular
76 expression inside "(?: ... )".
78 'a,b{c,d},e' ==> '(?:a|b\\{c|d\\}|e)'
82 Converts all matching "{ ... , ... }" brackets to "(?: ... | ... )"
83 alternations. If some brackets are unbalanced, it tries to
84 substitute as many of them as possible, and then escape the
85 remaining unmatched "{" and "}". Commas outside of any
86 bracket-delimited block are also escaped.
88 'a,b{c,d},e' ==> 'a\\,b(?:c|d)\\,e'
89 '{a\\{b,c}d,e}' ==> '(?:a\\{b|c)d\\,e\\}'
90 '{a{b,c\\}d,e}' ==> '\\{a\\{b\\,c\\}d\\,e\\}'
94 Keeps the parenthesis "( ... )" of the original string without
95 escaping them. Currently, no check is done to ensure that the
96 parenthesis are matching.
98 'a(b(c))d\\(\\)' ==> (no change)
102 Prevents the *beginning-of-line* "^" and *end-of-line* "$" anchors
103 to be escaped. Since "[...]" character class are currently escaped,
104 a "^" will always be interpreted as *beginning-of-line*.
106 'a^b$c' ==> (no change)
108 Each $c can be any of :
110 * A hash reference, with wanted metacharacter group names (described
111 above) as keys and booleans as values ;
113 * An array reference containing the list of wanted metacharacter
116 * A plain scalar, when only one group is required.
118 When "set" is present, the classes given as its value replace the
119 current object options. Then the "add" classes are added, and the "rem"
122 Passing a sole scalar $what is equivalent as passing "set => $what". No
123 argument means "set => [ ]".
125 $rw->do(set => 'jokers'); # Only translate jokers.
126 $rw->do('jokers'); # Same.
127 $rw->do(add => [ qw<sql commas> ]); # Translate also SQL and commas.
128 $rw->do(rem => 'jokers'); # Specifying both 'sql' and 'jokers' is useless.
129 $rw->do(); # Translate nothing.
131 The "do" method returns the Regexp::Wildcards object.
134 Notifies to convert the metacharacters that corresponds to the
135 predefined type $type. $type can be any of :
137 * 'jokers', 'sql', 'commas', 'brackets'
139 Singleton types that enable the corresponding "do" classes.
143 Covers typical Unix shell globbing features (effectively 'jokers'
146 * $^O values for common Unix systems
148 Wrap to 'unix' (see perlport for the list).
156 Covers typical Windows shell globbing features (effectively 'jokers'
159 * 'dos', 'os2', 'MSWin32', 'cygwin'
163 In particular, you can usually pass $^O as the $type and get the
164 corresponding shell behaviour.
166 $rw->type('win32'); # Set type to win32.
167 $rw->type($^O); # Set type to unix on Unices and win32 on Windows
168 $rw->type(); # Set type to unix.
170 The "type" method returns the Regexp::Wildcards object.
172 "capture [ $captures | set => $c1, add => $c2, rem => $c3 ]"
173 Specifies the list of atoms to capture. This method works like "do",
174 except that the classes are different :
178 Captures all unescaped *"exactly one"* metacharacters, i.e. "?" for
179 wildcards or "_" for SQL.
181 'a???b\\??' ==> 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\?(.)'
182 'a___b\\__' ==> 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\_(.)'
186 Captures all unescaped *"any"* metacharacters, i.e. "*" for
187 wildcards or "%" for SQL.
189 'a***b\\**' ==> 'a(.*)b\\*(.*)'
190 'a%%%b\\%%' ==> 'a(.*)b\\%(.*)'
194 When used in conjunction with 'any', it makes the 'any' captures
195 greedy (by default they are not).
197 'a***b\\**' ==> 'a(.*?)b\\*(.*?)'
198 'a%%%b\\%%' ==> 'a(.*?)b\\%(.*?)'
202 Capture matching "{ ... , ... }" alternations.
204 'a{b\\},\\{c}' ==> 'a(b\\}|\\{c)'
206 $rw->capture(set => 'single'); # Only capture "exactly one" metacharacters.
207 $rw->capture('single'); # Same.
208 $rw->capture(add => [ qw<any greedy> ]); # Also greedily capture "any" metacharacters.
209 $rw->capture(rem => 'greedy'); # No more greed please.
210 $rw->capture(); # Capture nothing.
212 The "capture" method returns the Regexp::Wildcards object.
214 "convert $wc [ , $type ]"
215 Converts the wildcard expression $wc into a regular expression according
216 to the options stored into the Regexp::Wildcards object, or to $type if
217 it's supplied. It successively escapes all unprotected regexp special
218 characters that doesn't hold any meaning for wildcards, then replace
219 'jokers', 'sql' and 'commas' or 'brackets' (depending on the "do" or
220 "type" options), all of this by applying the 'capture' rules specified
221 in the constructor or by "capture".
224 An object module shouldn't export any function, and so does this one.
227 Carp (core module since perl 5), Scalar::Util, Text::Balanced (since
231 This module does not implement the strange behaviours of Windows shell
232 that result from the special handling of the three last characters (for
233 the file extension). For example, Windows XP shell matches *a like
234 ".*a", "*a?" like ".*a.?", "*a??" like ".*a.{0,2}" and so on.
240 Vincent Pit, "<perl at profvince.com>", <http://www.profvince.com>.
242 You can contact me by mail or on "irc.perl.org" (vincent).
245 Please report any bugs or feature requests to "bug-regexp-wildcards at
246 rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at
247 <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Regexp-Wildcards>. I
248 will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress
249 on your bug as I make changes.
252 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
254 perldoc Regexp::Wildcards
256 Tests code coverage report is available at
257 <http://www.profvince.com/perl/cover/Regexp-Wildcards>.
260 Copyright 2007-2009 Vincent Pit, all rights reserved.
262 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
263 under the same terms as Perl itself.