1 package Regexp::Wildcards;
7 use Text::Balanced qw/extract_bracketed/;
11 Regexp::Wildcards - Converts wildcard expressions to Perl regular expressions.
19 use vars qw/$VERSION/;
26 use Regexp::Wildcards;
28 my $rw = Regexp::Wildcards->new(type => 'unix');
31 $re = $rw->convert('a{b?,c}*'); # Do it Unix shell style.
32 $re = $rw->convert('a?,b*', 'win32'); # Do it Windows shell style.
33 $re = $rw->convert('*{x,y}?', 'jokers'); # Process the jokers and escape the rest.
34 $re = $rw->convert('%a_c%', 'sql'); # Turn SQL wildcards into regexps.
36 $rw = Regexp::Wildcards->new(
37 do => [ qw/jokers brackets/ ], # Do jokers and brackets.
38 capture => [ qw/any greedy/ ], # Capture *'s greedily.
41 $rw->do(add => 'groups'); # Don't escape groups.
42 $rw->capture(rem => [ qw/greedy/ ]); # Actually we want non-greedy matches.
43 $re = $rw->convert('*a{,(b)?}?c*'); # '(.*?)a(?:|(b).).c(.*?)'
44 $rw->capture(); # No more captures.
48 In many situations, users may want to specify patterns to match but don't need the full power of regexps. Wildcards make one of those sets of simplified rules. This module converts wildcard expressions to Perl regular expressions, so that you can use them for matching.
50 It handles the C<*> and C<?> jokers, as well as Unix bracketed alternatives C<{,}>, but also C<%> and C<_> SQL wildcards. It can also keep original C<(...)> groups. Backspace (C<\>) is used as an escape character.
52 Typesets that mimic the behaviour of Windows and Unix shells are also provided.
59 croak 'First argument isn\'t a valid ' . __PACKAGE__ . ' object'
60 unless ref $_[0] and $_[0]->isa(__PACKAGE__);
64 jokers => [ qw/jokers/ ],
66 commas => [ qw/commas/ ],
67 brackets => [ qw/brackets/ ],
68 unix => [ qw/jokers brackets/ ],
69 win32 => [ qw/jokers commas/ ],
71 $types{$_} = $types{win32} for qw/dos os2 MSWin32 cygwin/;
82 single => sub { $_[1] ? '(.)' : '.' },
83 any => sub { $_[1] ? ($_[0]->{greedy} ? '(.*)'
86 brackets => sub { $_[1] ? '(' : '(?:'; },
95 $old = { } unless defined $old;
98 $c = { set => $_[0] };
100 croak 'Arguments must be passed as an unique scalar or as key => value pairs';
103 $c = { map { (exists $args{$_}) ? ($_ => $args{$_}) : () } qw/set add rem/ };
105 for (qw/set add rem/) {
107 next unless defined $v;
109 '' => sub { +{ ($_[0] => 1) x (exists $valid->{$_[0]}) } },
110 'ARRAY' => sub { +{ map { ($_ => 1) x (exists $valid->{$_}) } @{$_[0]} } },
111 'HASH' => sub { +{ map { ($_ => $_[0]->{$_}) x (exists $valid->{$_}) }
114 croak 'Wrong option set' unless $cb;
115 $c->{$_} = $cb->($v);
117 my $config = (exists $c->{set}) ? $c->{set} : $old;
118 $config->{$_} = $c->{add}->{$_} for grep $c->{add}->{$_},
119 keys %{$c->{add} || {}};
120 delete $config->{$_} for grep $c->{rem}->{$_}, keys %{$c->{rem} || {}};
127 $config->{do} = $self->_validate(\%escapes, $self->{do}, @_);
128 $config->{escape} = '';
129 $config->{escape} .= $escapes{$_} for keys %{$config->{do}};
130 $config->{escape} = quotemeta $config->{escape};
137 my $config = $self->_do(@_);
138 $self->{$_} = $config->{$_} for keys %$config;
145 $config->{capture} = $self->_validate(\%captures, $self->{capture}, @_);
146 $config->{greedy} = delete $config->{capture}->{greedy};
147 for (keys %captures) {
148 $config->{'c_' . $_} = $captures{$_}->($config, $config->{capture}->{$_})
149 if $captures{$_}; # Skip 'greedy'
157 my $config = $self->_capture(@_);
158 $self->{$_} = $config->{$_} for keys %$config;
163 my ($self, $type) = @_;
164 $type = 'unix' unless defined $type;
165 croak 'Wrong type' unless exists $types{$type};
166 my $config = $self->_do($types{$type});
167 $config->{type} = $type;
174 my $config = $self->_type(@_);
175 $self->{$_} = $config->{$_} for keys %$config;
181 $class = ref($class) || $class || __PACKAGE__;
182 croak 'Optional arguments must be passed as key => value pairs' if @_ % 2;
186 if (defined $args{do}) {
187 $self->do($args{do});
189 $self->type($args{type});
191 $self->capture($args{capture});
194 =head2 C<< new [ do => $what E<verbar> type => $type ], capture => $captures >>
196 Constructs a new L<Regexp::Wildcard> object.
198 C<do> lists all features that should be enabled when converting wildcards to regexps. Refer to L</do> for details on what can be passed in C<$what>.
200 The C<type> specifies a predefined set of C<do> features to use. See L</type> for details on which types are valid. The C<do> option overrides C<type>.
202 C<capture> lists which atoms should be capturing. Refer to L</capture> for more details.
204 =head2 C<< do [ $what E<verbar> set => $c1, add => $c2, rem => $c3 ] >>
206 Specifies the list of metacharacters to convert.
207 They are classified into five classes :
211 =item C<'jokers'> converts C<?> to C<.> and C<*> to C<.*> ;
213 'a**\\*b??\\?c' ==> 'a.*\\*b..\\?c'
215 =item C<'sql'> converts C<_> to C<.> and C<%> to C<.*> ;
217 'a%%\\%b__\\_c' ==> 'a.*\\%b..\\_c'
219 =item C<'commas'> converts all C<,> to C<|> and puts the complete resulting regular expression inside C<(?: ... )> ;
221 'a,b{c,d},e' ==> '(?:a|b\\{c|d\\}|e)'
223 =item C<'brackets'> converts all matching C<{ ... , ... }> brackets to C<(?: ... | ... )> alternations. If some brackets are unbalanced, it tries to substitute as many of them as possible, and then escape the remaining unmatched C<{> and C<}>. Commas outside of any bracket-delimited block are also escaped ;
225 'a,b{c,d},e' ==> 'a\\,b(?:c|d)\\,e'
226 '{a\\{b,c}d,e}' ==> '(?:a\\{b|c)d\\,e\\}'
227 '{a{b,c\\}d,e}' ==> '\\{a\\{b\\,c\\}d\\,e\\}'
229 =item C<'groups'> keeps the parenthesis C<( ... )> of the original string without escaping them. Currently, no check is done to ensure that the parenthesis are matching.
231 'a(b(c))d\\(\\)' ==> (no change)
235 Each C<$c> can be any of :
239 =item A hash reference, with wanted metacharacter group names (described above) as keys and booleans as values ;
241 =item An array reference containing the list of wanted metacharacter classes ;
243 =item A plain scalar, when only one group is required.
247 When C<set> is present, the classes given as its value replace the current object options. Then the C<add> classes are added, and the C<rem> classes removed.
249 Passing a sole scalar C<$what> is equivalent as passing C<< set => $what >>.
250 No argument means C<< set => [ ] >>.
252 $rw->do(set => 'jokers'); # Only translate jokers.
253 $rw->do('jokers'); # Same.
254 $rw->do(add => [ qw/sql commas/ ]); # Translate also SQL and commas.
255 $rw->do(rem => 'jokers'); # Specifying both 'sql' and 'jokers' is useless.
256 $rw->do(); # Translate nothing.
260 Notifies to convert the metacharacters that corresponds to the predefined type C<$type>. C<$type> can be any of C<'jokers'>, C<'sql'>, C<'commas'>, C<'brackets'>, C<'win32'> or C<'unix'>. An unknown or undefined value defaults to C<'unix'>, except for C<'dos'>, C<'os2'>, C<'MSWin32'> and C<'cygwin'> that default to C<'win32'>. This means that you can pass C<$^O> as the C<$type> and get the corresponding shell behaviour. Returns the object.
262 $rw->type('win32'); # Set type to win32.
263 $rw->type(); # Set type to unix.
265 =head2 C<< capture [ $captures E<verbar> set => $c1, add => $c2, rem => $c3 ] >>
267 Specifies the list of atoms to capture.
268 This method works like L</do>, except that the classes are different :
272 =item C<'single'> will capture all unescaped I<"exactly one"> metacharacters, i.e. C<?> for wildcards or C<_> for SQL ;
274 'a???b\\??' ==> 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\?(.)'
275 'a___b\\__' ==> 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\_(.)'
277 =item C<'any'> will capture all unescaped I<"any"> metacharacters, i.e. C<*> for wildcards or C<%> for SQL ;
279 'a***b\\**' ==> 'a(.*)b\\*(.*)'
280 'a%%%b\\%%' ==> 'a(.*)b\\%(.*)'
282 =item C<'greedy'>, when used in conjunction with C<'any'>, will make the C<'any'> captures greedy (by default they are not) ;
284 'a***b\\**' ==> 'a(.*?)b\\*(.*?)'
285 'a%%%b\\%%' ==> 'a(.*?)b\\%(.*?)'
287 =item C<'brackets'> will capture matching C<{ ... , ... }> alternations.
289 'a{b\\},\\{c}' ==> 'a(b\\}|\\{c)'
293 $rw->capture(set => 'single'); # Only capture "exactly one" metacharacters.
294 $rw->capture('single'); # Same.
295 $rw->capture(add => [ qw/any greedy/ ]); # Also greedily capture "any" metacharacters.
296 $rw->capture(rem => 'greedy'); # No more greed please.
297 $rw->capture(); # Capture nothing.
299 =head2 C<convert $wc [ , $type ]>
301 Converts the wildcard expression C<$wc> into a regular expression according to the options stored into the L<Regexp::Wildcards> object, or to C<$type> if it's supplied. It successively escapes all unprotected regexp special characters that doesn't hold any meaning for wildcards, then replace C<'jokers'> or C<'sql'> and C<'commas'> or C<'brackets'> (depending on the L</do> or L</type> options), all of this by applying the C<'capture'> rules specified in the constructor or by L</capture>.
306 my ($self, $wc, $type) = @_;
310 $config = $self->_type($type);
314 return unless defined $wc;
315 my $do = $config->{do};
316 my $e = $config->{escape};
317 $wc =~ s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*[^\w\s\\$e])/\\$1/g;
318 return $self->_sql($wc) if $do->{sql};
319 $wc = $self->_jokers($wc) if $do->{jokers};
320 if ($do->{brackets}) {
321 $wc = $self->_bracketed($wc);
322 } elsif ($do->{commas}) {
323 if ($wc =~ /(?<!\\)(?:\\\\)*,/) { # win32 allows comma-separated lists
324 $wc = $self->{'c_brackets'} . $self->_commas($wc) . ')';
332 An object module shouldn't export any function, and so does this one.
336 L<Carp> (core module since perl 5), L<Text::Balanced> (since 5.7.3).
340 This module does not implement the strange behaviours of Windows shell that result from the special handling of the three last characters (for the file extension). For example, Windows XP shell matches C<*a> like C<.*a>, C<*a?> like C<.*a.?>, C<*a??> like C<.*a.{0,2}> and so on.
344 Vincent Pit, C<< <perl at profvince.com> >>, L<http://www.profvince.com>.
346 You can contact me by mail or on #perl @ FreeNode (vincent or Prof_Vince).
350 Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-regexp-wildcards at rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Regexp-Wildcards>. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
354 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
356 perldoc Regexp::Wildcards
358 Tests code coverage report is available at L<http://www.profvince.com/perl/cover/Regexp-Wildcards>.
360 =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
362 Copyright 2007-2008 Vincent Pit, all rights reserved.
364 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
365 under the same terms as Perl itself.
369 sub _extract ($) { extract_bracketed $_[0], '{', qr/.*?(?<!\\)(?:\\\\)*(?={)/ }
374 # escape an odd number of \ that doesn't protect a regexp/wildcard special char
375 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*\\(?:[\w\s]|$))/\\$1/g;
376 # substitute ? preceded by an even number of \
377 my $s = $self->{c_single};
378 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*)\?/$1$s/g;
379 # substitute * preceded by an even number of \
381 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*)\*+/$1$s/g;
388 # escape an odd number of \ that doesn't protect a regexp/wildcard special char
389 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*\\(?:[^\W_]|\s|$))/\\$1/g;
390 # substitute _ preceded by an even number of \
391 my $s = $self->{c_single};
392 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*)_/$1$s/g;
393 # substitute % preceded by an even number of \
395 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*)%+/$1$s/g;
401 # substitute , preceded by an even number of \
402 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*),/$1|/g;
407 my ($self, $rest) = @_;
408 substr $rest, 0, 1, '';
410 my ($re, $bracket, $prefix) = ('');
411 while (do { ($bracket, $rest, $prefix) = _extract $rest; $bracket }) {
412 $re .= $self->_commas($prefix) . $self->_brackets($bracket);
414 $re .= $self->_commas($rest);
415 return $self->{c_brackets} . $re . ')';
419 my ($self, $rest) = @_;
420 my ($re, $bracket, $prefix) = ('');
421 while (do { ($bracket, $rest, $prefix) = _extract $rest; $bracket }) {
422 $re .= $prefix . $self->_brackets($bracket);
425 $re =~ s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*[\{\},])/\\$1/g;
429 1; # End of Regexp::Wildcards