=head1 VERSION
-Version 0.03
+Version 0.08
=cut
our $VERSION;
BEGIN {
- $VERSION = '0.03';
+ $VERSION = '0.08';
}
=head1 SYNOPSIS
package X;
- use Scope::Upper qw/reap localize localize_elem localize_delete/;
+ use Scope::Upper qw/reap localize localize_elem localize_delete :words/;
sub desc { shift->{desc} }
my ($desc) = @_;
# First localize $x so that it gets destroyed last
- localize '$x' => bless({ desc => $desc }, __PACKAGE__) => 1;
+ localize '$x' => bless({ desc => $desc }, __PACKAGE__) => UP; # one scope up
reap sub {
my $pkg = caller;
my $x = do { no strict 'refs'; ${$pkg.'::x'} }; # Get the $x in the scope
print $x->desc . ": done\n";
- } => 1;
+ } => SCOPE 1; # same as UP here
localize_elem '%SIG', '__WARN__' => sub {
my $pkg = caller;
my $x = do { no strict 'refs'; ${$pkg.'::x'} }; # Get the $x in the scope
CORE::warn($x->desc . ': ' . join('', @_));
- } => 1;
+ } => UP CALLER 0; # same as UP here
- localize_delete '@ARGV', $#ARGV => 1; # delete last @ARGV element
+ # delete last @ARGV element
+ localize_delete '@ARGV', -1 => UP SUB HERE; # same as UP here
}
package Y;
...
} # "pie: done" is printed
+ package Z;
+
+ use Scope::Upper qw/unwind want_at :words/;
+
+ sub try (&) {
+ my @result = shift->();
+ my $cx = SUB UP SUB;
+ unwind +(want_at($cx) ? @result : scalar @result) => $cx;
+ }
+
+ ...
+
+ sub zap {
+ try {
+ return @things; # returns to try() and then outside zap()
+ # not reached
+ }
+ # not reached
+ }
+
+ my @what = zap(); # @what contains @things
+
=head1 DESCRIPTION
-This module lets you defer actions that will take place when the control flow returns into an upper scope.
-Currently, you can hook an upper scope end, or localize variables, array/hash values or deletions of elements in higher contexts.
+This module lets you defer actions I<at run-time> that will take place when the control flow returns into an upper scope.
+Currently, you can:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+hook an upper scope end with L</reap> ;
+
+=item *
+
+localize variables, array/hash values or deletions of elements in higher contexts with respectively L</localize>, L</localize_elem> and L</localize_delete> ;
+
+=item *
+
+return values immediately to an upper level with L</unwind>, and know which context was in use then with L</want_at>.
+
+=back
=head1 FUNCTIONS
+In all those functions, C<$context> refers to the target scope.
+
+You have to use one or a combination of L</WORDS> to build the C<$context> passed to these functions.
+This is needed in order to ensure that the module still works when your program is ran in the debugger.
+The only thing you can assume is that it is an I<absolute> indicator of the frame, which means that you can safely store it at some point and use it when needed, and it will still denote the original scope.
+
=cut
BEGIN {
XSLoader::load(__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
}
-=head2 C<reap $callback, $level>
+=head2 C<reap $callback, $context>
-Add a destructor that calls C<$callback> when the C<$level>-th upper scope ends, where C<0> corresponds to the current scope.
+Add a destructor that calls C<$callback> (in void context) when the upper scope represented by C<$context> ends.
-=head2 C<localize $what, $value, $level>
+=head2 C<localize $what, $value, $context>
-A C<local> delayed to the time of first return into the C<$level>-th upper scope.
+A C<local> delayed to the time of first return into the upper scope denoted by C<$context>.
C<$what> can be :
=over 4
If the sigil is C<'$'>, L</localize> follows the same syntax as C<local $x = $value>, i.e. C<$value> isn't dereferenced.
For example,
- localize '$x', \'foo' => 0;
+ localize '$x', \'foo' => HERE;
will set C<$x> to a reference to the string C<'foo'>.
Other sigils (C<'@'>, C<'%'>, C<'&'> and C<'*'>) require C<$value> to be a reference of the corresponding type.
When the symbol is given by a string, it is resolved when the actual localization takes place and not when C<localize> is called.
This means that
- sub tag { localize '$x', $_[0] => 1; }
+ sub tag { localize '$x', $_[0] => UP }
will localize in the caller's namespace.
=back
-=head2 C<localize_elem $what, $key, $value, $level>
+=head2 C<localize_elem $what, $key, $value, $context>
Similar to L</localize> but for array and hash elements.
If C<$what> is a glob, the slot to fill is determined from which type of reference C<$value> is ; otherwise it's inferred from the sigil.
C<$key> is either an array index or a hash key, depending of which kind of variable you localize.
-=head2 C<localize_delete $what, $key, $level>
+=head2 C<localize_delete $what, $key, $context>
Similiar to L</localize>, but for deleting variables or array/hash elements.
C<$what> can be:
=back
-=head2 C<TOPLEVEL>
+=head2 C<unwind @values, $context>
+
+Returns C<@values> I<from> the context pointed by C<$context>, i.e. from the subroutine, eval or format just above C<$context>, and immediately restart the program flow at this point - thus effectively returning to (or from, depending on how you see it) an upper context.
+
+The upper context isn't coerced onto C<@values>, which is hence always evaluated in list context.
+This means that
+
+ my $num = sub {
+ my @a = ('a' .. 'z');
+ unwind @a => HERE;
+ # not reached
+ }->();
+
+will set C<$num> to C<'z'>.
+You can use L</want_at> to handle these cases.
+
+=head2 C<want_at $context>
+
+Like C<wantarray>, but for the subroutine/eval/format just above C<$context>.
+
+The previous example can then be "corrected" :
+
+ my $num = sub {
+ my @a = ('a' .. 'z');
+ unwind +(want_at(HERE) ? @a : scalar @a) => HERE;
+ # not reached
+ }->();
+
+will righteously set C<$num> to C<26>.
-Returns the level that currently represents the highest scope.
+=head1 WORDS
+
+=head2 Constants
+
+=head3 C<TOP>
+
+Returns the context that currently represents the highest scope.
+
+=head3 C<HERE>
+
+The context of the current scope.
+
+=head2 Getting a context from a context
+
+For any of those functions, C<$from> is expected to be a context.
+When omitted, it defaults to the the current context.
+
+=head3 C<UP $from>
+
+The context of the scope just above C<$from>.
+
+=head3 C<SUB $from>
+
+The context of the closest subroutine above C<$from>.
+Note that C<$from> is returned if it is already a subroutine context ; hence C<SUB SUB == SUB>.
+
+=head3 C<EVAL $from>
+
+The context of the closest eval above C<$from>.
+Note that C<$from> is returned if it is already an eval context ; hence C<EVAL EVAL == EVAL>.
+
+=head2 Getting a context from a level
+
+Here, C<$level> should denote a number of scopes above the current one.
+When omitted, it defaults to C<0> and those functions return the same context as L</HERE>.
+
+=head3 C<SCOPE $level>
+
+The C<$level>-th upper context, regardless of its type.
+
+=head3 C<CALLER $level>
+
+The context of the C<$level>-th upper subroutine/eval/format.
+It kind of corresponds to the context represented by C<caller $level>, but while e.g. C<caller 0> refers to the caller context, C<CALLER 0> will refer to the top scope in the current context.
+
+=head2 Examples
+
+Where L</reap> fires depending on the C<$cxt> :
+
+ sub {
+ eval {
+ sub {
+ {
+ reap \&cleanup => $cxt;
+ ...
+ } # $cxt = SCOPE(0), or HERE
+ ...
+ }->(); # $cxt = SCOPE(1), or UP, or SUB, or CALLER, or CALLER(0)
+ ...
+ }; # $cxt = SCOPE(2), or UP UP, or UP SUB, or EVAL, or CALLER(1)
+ ...
+ }->(); # $cxt = SCOPE(3), or SUB UP SUB, or SUB EVAL, or CALLER(2)
+ ...
+
+Where L</localize>, L</localize_elem> and L</localize_delete> act depending on the C<$cxt> :
+
+ sub {
+ eval {
+ sub {
+ {
+ localize '$x' => 1 => $cxt;
+ # $cxt = SCOPE(0), or HERE
+ ...
+ }
+ # $cxt = SCOPE(1), or UP, or SUB, or CALLER, or CALLER(0)
+ ...
+ }->();
+ # $cxt = SCOPE(2), or UP UP, or UP SUB, or EVAL, or CALLER(1)
+ ...
+ };
+ # $cxt = SCOPE(3), or SUB UP SUB, or SUB EVAL, or CALLER(2)
+ ...
+ }->();
+ # $cxt = SCOPE(4), UP SUB UP SUB, or UP SUB EVAL, or UP CALLER(2), or TOP
+ ...
+
+Where L</unwind> and L</want_at> point to depending on the C<$cxt>:
+
+ sub {
+ eval {
+ sub {
+ {
+ unwind @things => $cxt;
+ ...
+ }
+ ...
+ }->(); # $cxt = SCOPE(0 .. 1), or HERE, or UP, or SUB, or CALLER(0)
+ ...
+ }; # $cxt = SCOPE(2), or UP UP, or UP SUB, or EVAL, or CALLER(1)
+ ...
+ }->(); # $cxt = SCOPE(3), or SUB UP SUB, or SUB EVAL, or CALLER(2)
+ ...
=head1 EXPORT
-The functions L</reap>, L</localize>, L</localize_elem>, L</localize_delete> and L</TOPLEVEL> are only exported on request, either individually or by the tags C<':funcs'> and C<':all'>.
+The functions L</reap>, L</localize>, L</localize_elem>, L</localize_delete>, L</unwind> and L</want_at> are only exported on request, either individually or by the tags C<':funcs'> and C<':all'>.
+
+Same goes for the words L</TOP>, L</HERE>, L</UP>, L</SUB>, L</EVAL>, L</SCOPE> and L</CALLER> that are only exported on request, individually or by the tags C<':words'> and C<':all'>.
=cut
our @EXPORT = ();
our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
- funcs => [ qw/reap localize localize_elem localize_delete TOPLEVEL/ ],
+ funcs => [ qw/reap localize localize_elem localize_delete unwind want_at/ ],
+ words => [ qw/TOP HERE UP SUB EVAL SCOPE CALLER/ ],
);
our @EXPORT_OK = map { @$_ } values %EXPORT_TAGS;
$EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} = [ @EXPORT_OK ];
local $x = 0;
{
- reap sub { print $x } => 0;
+ reap sub { print $x } => HERE;
local $x = 1;
...
}
...
{
local $x = 1;
- reap sub { $x = 2 } => 0;
+ reap sub { $x = 2 } => HERE;
...
}
# $x is 0
The first case is "solved" by moving the C<local> before the C<reap>, and the second by using L</localize> instead of L</reap>.
-L</reap>, L</localize> and L</localize_elem> effects can't cross C<BEGIN> blocks, hence calling those functions in C<import> is deemed to be useless.
+The effects of L</reap>, L</localize> and L</localize_elem> can't cross C<BEGIN> blocks, hence calling those functions in C<import> is deemed to be useless.
This is an hopeless case because C<BEGIN> blocks are executed once while localizing constructs should do their job at each run.
+However, it's possible to hook the end of the current scope compilation with L<B::Hooks::EndOfScope>.
+
+Some rare oddities may still happen when running inside the debugger.
+It may help to use a perl higher than 5.8.9 or 5.10.0, as they contain some context-related fixes.
=head1 DEPENDENCIES
Inspired by Ricardo Signes.
+Thanks to Shawn M. Moore for motivation.
+
=head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
Copyright 2008-2009 Vincent Pit, all rights reserved.
projects / perl / modules / Scope-Upper.git / blobdiff