expressions.
VERSION
- Version 0.08
+ Version 1.00
SYNOPSIS
- use Regexp::Wildcards qw/wc2re/;
+ use Regexp::Wildcards;
+
+ my $rw = Regexp::Wildcards->new(type => 'unix');
my $re;
- $re = wc2re 'a{b?,c}*' => 'unix'; # Do it Unix style.
- $re = wc2re 'a?,b*' => 'win32'; # Do it Windows style.
- $re = wc2re '*{x,y}?' => 'jokers'; # Process the jokers & escape the rest.
- $re = wc2re '%a_c%' => 'sql'; # Turn SQL wildcards into regexps.
+ $re = $rw->convert('a{b?,c}*'); # Do it Unix shell style.
+ $re = $rw->convert('a?,b*', 'win32'); # Do it Windows shell style.
+ $re = $rw->convert('*{x,y}?', 'jokers'); # Process the jokers and escape the rest.
+ $re = $rw->convert('%a_c%', 'sql'); # Turn SQL wildcards into regexps.
+
+ $rw = Regexp::Wildcards->new(
+ do => [ qw/jokers brackets/ ], # Do jokers and brackets.
+ capture => [ qw/any greedy/ ], # Capture *'s greedily.
+ );
+
+ $rw->do(add => 'groups'); # Don't escape groups.
+ $rw->capture(rem => [ qw/greedy/ ]); # Actually we want non-greedy matches.
+ $re = $rw->convert('*a{,(b)?}?c*'); # '(.*?)a(?:|(b).).c(.*?)'
+ $rw->capture(); # No more captures.
DESCRIPTION
In many situations, users may want to specify patterns to match but
don't need the full power of regexps. Wildcards make one of those sets
of simplified rules. This module converts wildcard expressions to Perl
- regular expressions, so that you can use them for matching. It handles
- the "*" and "?" shell jokers, as well as Unix bracketed alternatives
- "{,}", but also "%" and "_" SQL wildcards. Backspace ("\") is used as an
- escape character. Wrappers are provided to mimic the behaviour of
- Windows and Unix shells.
-
-VARIABLES
- These variables control if the wildcards jokers and brackets must
- capture their match. They can be globally set by writing in your program
-
- $Regexp::Wildcards::CaptureSingle = 1;
- # From then, "exactly one" wildcards are capturing
-
- or can be locally specified via "local"
-
- {
- local $Regexp::Wildcards::CaptureSingle = 1;
- # In this block, "exactly one" wildcards are capturing.
- ...
- }
- # Back to the situation from before the block
-
- This section describes also how those elements are translated by the
- functions.
-
- $CaptureSingle
- When this variable is true, each occurence of unescaped *"exactly one"*
- wildcards (i.e. "?" jokers or "_" for SQL wildcards) are made capturing
- in the resulting regexp (they are be replaced by "(.)"). Otherwise, they
- are just replaced by ".". Default is the latter.
-
- For jokers :
- 'a???b\\??' is translated to 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\?(.)' if $CaptureSingle is true
- 'a...b\\?.' otherwise (default)
-
- For SQL wildcards :
- 'a___b\\__' is translated to 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\_(.)' if $CaptureSingle is true
- 'a...b\\_.' otherwise (default)
-
- $CaptureAny
- By default this variable is false, and successions of unescaped *"any"*
- wildcards (i.e. "*" jokers or "%" for SQL wildcards) are replaced by one
- single ".*". When it evalutes to true, those sequences of *"any"*
- wildcards are made into one capture, which is greedy ("(.*)") for
- "$CaptureAny > 0" and otherwise non-greedy ("(.*?)").
-
- For jokers :
- 'a***b\\**' is translated to 'a.*b\\*.*' if $CaptureAny is false (default)
- 'a(.*)b\\*(.*)' if $CaptureAny > 0
- 'a(.*?)b\\*(.*?)' otherwise
-
- For SQL wildcards :
- 'a%%%b\\%%' is translated to 'a.*b\\%.*' if $CaptureAny is false (default)
- 'a(.*)b\\%(.*)' if $CaptureAny > 0
- 'a(.*?)b\\%(.*?)' otherwise
-
- $CaptureBrackets
- If this variable is set to true, valid brackets constructs are made into
- "( | )" captures, and otherwise they are replaced by non-capturing
- alternations ("(?: | ")), which is the default.
-
- 'a{b\\},\\{c}' is translated to 'a(b\\}|\\{c)' if $CaptureBrackets is true
- 'a(?:b\\}|\\{c)' otherwise (default)
-
-FUNCTIONS
- "wc2re_jokers"
- This function takes as its only argument the wildcard string to process,
- and returns the corresponding regular expression where the jokers "?"
- (*"exactly one"*) and "*" (*"any"*) have been translated into their
- regexp equivalents (see "VARIABLES" for more details). All other
- unprotected regexp metacharacters are escaped.
-
- # Everything is escaped.
- print 'ok' if wc2re_jokers('{a{b,c}d,e}') eq '\\{a\\{b\\,c\\}d\\,e\\}';
-
- "wc2re_sql"
- Similar to the precedent, but for the SQL wildcards "_" (*"exactly
- one"*) and "%" (*"any"*). All other unprotected regexp metacharacters
- are escaped.
-
- "wc2re_unix"
- This function conforms to standard Unix shell wildcard rules. It
- successively escapes all unprotected regexp special characters that
- doesn't hold any meaning for wildcards, turns "?" and "*" jokers into
- their regexp equivalents (see "wc2re_jokers"), and changes bracketed
- blocks into (possibly capturing) alternations as described in
- "VARIABLES". If brackets are unbalanced, it tries to substitute as many
- of them as possible, and then escape the remaining "{" and "}". Commas
- outside of any bracket-delimited block are also escaped.
-
- # This is a valid bracket expression, and is completely translated.
- print 'ok' if wc2re_unix('{a{b,c}d,e}') eq '(?:a(?:b|c)d|e)';
-
- The function handles unbalanced bracket expressions, by escaping
- everything it can't recognize. For example :
-
- # The first comma is replaced, and the remaining brackets and comma are escaped.
- print 'ok' if wc2re_unix('{a\\{b,c}d,e}') eq '(?:a\\{b|c)d\\,e\\}';
-
- # All the brackets and commas are escaped.
- print 'ok' if wc2re_unix('{a{b,c\\}d,e}') eq '\\{a\\{b\\,c\\}d\\,e\\}';
-
- "wc2re_win32"
- This one works just like the one before, but for Windows wildcards.
- Bracketed blocks are no longer handled (which means that brackets are
- escaped), but you can provide a comma-separated list of items.
-
- # All the brackets are escaped, and commas are seen as list delimiters.
- print 'ok' if wc2re_win32('{a{b,c}d,e}') eq '(?:\\{a\\{b|c\\}d|e\\})';
-
- "wc2re"
- A generic function that wraps around all the different rules. The first
- argument is the wildcard expression, and the second one is the type of
- rules to apply which can be :
-
- 'unix', 'win32', 'jokers', 'sql'
- For one of those raw rule names, "wc2re" simply maps to
- "wc2re_unix", "wc2re_win32", "wc2re_jokers" and "wc2re_sql"
- respectively.
-
- $^O If you supply the Perl operating system name, the call is deferred
- to "wc2re_win32" for $^O equal to 'dos', 'os2', 'MSWin32' or
- 'cygwin', and to "wc2re_unix" in all the other cases.
-
- If the type is undefined or not supported, it defaults to 'unix'.
-
- # Wraps to wc2re_jokers ($re eq 'a\\{b\\,c\\}.*').
- $re = wc2re 'a{b,c}*' => 'jokers';
-
- # Wraps to wc2re_win32 ($re eq '(?:a\\{b|c\\}.*)')
- # or wc2re_unix ($re eq 'a(?:b|c).*') depending on $^O.
- $re = wc2re 'a{b,c}*' => $^O;
+ regular expressions, so that you can use them for matching.
+
+ It handles the "*" and "?" jokers, as well as Unix bracketed
+ alternatives "{,}", but also "%" and "_" SQL wildcards. It can also keep
+ original "(...)" groups. Backspace ("\") is used as an escape character.
+
+ Typesets that mimic the behaviour of Windows and Unix shells are also
+ provided.
+
+METHODS
+ "new [ do => $what | type => $type ], capture => $captures"
+ Constructs a new Regexp::Wildcard object.
+
+ "do" lists all features that should be enabled when converting wildcards
+ to regexps. Refer to "do" for details on what can be passed in $what.
+
+ The "type" specifies a predefined set of "do" features to use. See
+ "type" for details on which types are valid. The "do" option overrides
+ "type".
+
+ "capture" lists which atoms should be capturing. Refer to "capture" for
+ more details.
+
+ "do [ $what | set => $c1, add => $c2, rem => $c3 ]"
+ Specifies the list of metacharacters to convert. They are classified
+ into five classes :
+
+ 'jokers' converts "?" to "." and "*" to ".*" ;
+ 'a**\\*b??\\?c' ==> 'a.*\\*b..\\?c'
+
+ 'sql' converts "_" to "." and "%" to ".*" ;
+ 'a%%\\%b__\\_c' ==> 'a.*\\%b..\\_c'
+
+ 'commas' converts all "," to "|" and puts the complete resulting regular
+ expression inside "(?: ... )" ;
+ 'a,b{c,d},e' ==> '(?:a|b\\{c|d\\}|e)'
+
+ 'brackets' converts all matching "{ ... , ... }" brackets to "(?: ... |
+ ... )" alternations. If some brackets are unbalanced, it tries to
+ substitute as many of them as possible, and then escape the remaining
+ unmatched "{" and "}". Commas outside of any bracket-delimited block are
+ also escaped ;
+ 'a,b{c,d},e' ==> 'a\\,b(?:c|d)\\,e'
+ '{a\\{b,c}d,e}' ==> '(?:a\\{b|c)d\\,e\\}'
+ '{a{b,c\\}d,e}' ==> '\\{a\\{b\\,c\\}d\\,e\\}'
+
+ 'groups' keeps the parenthesis "( ... )" of the original string without
+ escaping them. Currently, no check is done to ensure that the
+ parenthesis are matching.
+ 'a(b(c))d\\(\\)' ==> (no change)
+
+ Each $c can be any of :
+
+ A hash reference, with wanted metacharacter group names (described
+ above) as keys and booleans as values ;
+ An array reference containing the list of wanted metacharacter classes ;
+ A plain scalar, when only one group is required.
+
+ When "set" is present, the classes given as its value replace the
+ current object options. Then the "add" classes are added, and the "rem"
+ classes removed.
+
+ Passing a sole scalar $what is equivalent as passing "set => $what". No
+ argument means "set => [ ]".
+
+ $rw->do(set => 'jokers'); # Only translate jokers.
+ $rw->do('jokers'); # Same.
+ $rw->do(add => [ qw/sql commas/ ]); # Translate also SQL and commas.
+ $rw->do(rem => 'jokers'); # Specifying both 'sql' and 'jokers' is useless.
+ $rw->do(); # Translate nothing.
+
+ "type $type"
+ Notifies to convert the metacharacters that corresponds to the
+ predefined type $type. $type can be any of 'jokers', 'sql', 'commas',
+ 'brackets', 'win32' or 'unix'. An unknown or undefined value defaults to
+ 'unix', except for 'dos', 'os2', 'MSWin32' and 'cygwin' that default to
+ 'win32'. This means that you can pass $^O as the $type and get the
+ corresponding shell behaviour. Returns the object.
+
+ $rw->type('win32'); # Set type to win32.
+ $rw->type(); # Set type to unix.
+
+ "capture [ $captures | set => $c1, add => $c2, rem => $c3 ]"
+ Specifies the list of atoms to capture. This method works like "do",
+ except that the classes are different :
+
+ 'single' will capture all unescaped *"exactly one"* metacharacters, i.e.
+ "?" for wildcards or "_" for SQL ;
+ 'a???b\\??' ==> 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\?(.)'
+ 'a___b\\__' ==> 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\_(.)'
+
+ 'any' will capture all unescaped *"any"* metacharacters, i.e. "*" for
+ wildcards or "%" for SQL ;
+ 'a***b\\**' ==> 'a(.*)b\\*(.*)'
+ 'a%%%b\\%%' ==> 'a(.*)b\\%(.*)'
+
+ 'greedy', when used in conjunction with 'any', will make the 'any'
+ captures greedy (by default they are not) ;
+ 'a***b\\**' ==> 'a(.*?)b\\*(.*?)'
+ 'a%%%b\\%%' ==> 'a(.*?)b\\%(.*?)'
+
+ 'brackets' will capture matching "{ ... , ... }" alternations.
+ 'a{b\\},\\{c}' ==> 'a(b\\}|\\{c)'
+
+ $rw->capture(set => 'single'); # Only capture "exactly one" metacharacters.
+ $rw->capture('single'); # Same.
+ $rw->capture(add => [ qw/any greedy/ ]); # Also greedily capture "any" metacharacters.
+ $rw->capture(rem => 'greedy'); # No more greed please.
+ $rw->capture(); # Capture nothing.
+
+ "convert $wc [ , $type ]"
+ Converts the wildcard expression $wc into a regular expression according
+ to the options stored into the Regexp::Wildcards object, or to $type if
+ it's supplied. It successively escapes all unprotected regexp special
+ characters that doesn't hold any meaning for wildcards, then replace
+ 'jokers' or 'sql' and 'commas' or 'brackets' (depending on the "do" or
+ "type" options), all of this by applying the 'capture' rules specified
+ in the constructor or by "capture".
EXPORT
- These five functions are exported only on request : "wc2re",
- "wc2re_unix", "wc2re_win32", "wc2re_jokers" and "wc2re_sql". The
- variables are not exported.
+ An object module shouldn't export any function, and so does this one.
DEPENDENCIES
- Text::Balanced, which is bundled with perl since version 5.7.3
+ Carp (core module since perl 5), Text::Balanced (since 5.7.3).
CAVEATS
This module does not implement the strange behaviours of Windows shell
the file extension). For example, Windows XP shell matches *a like
".*a", "*a?" like ".*a.?", "*a??" like ".*a.{0,2}" and so on.
-SEE ALSO
- Some modules provide incomplete alternatives as helper functions :
-
- Net::FTPServer has a method for that. Only jokers are translated, and
- escaping won't preserve them.
-
- File::Find::Match::Util has a "wildcard" function that compiles a
- matcher. It only handles "*".
-
- Text::Buffer has the "convertWildcardToRegex" class method that handles
- jokers.
-
AUTHOR
Vincent Pit, "<perl at profvince.com>", <http://www.profvince.com>.
perldoc Regexp::Wildcards
+ Tests code coverage report is available at
+ <http://www.profvince.com/perl/cover/Regexp-Wildcards>.
+
COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
Copyright 2007-2008 Vincent Pit, all rights reserved.
projects / perl / modules / Regexp-Wildcards.git / commitdiff