10 indirect - Lexically warn about using the indirect method call syntax.
27 no indirect; # lexically enables the pragma
28 my $x = new Apple 1, 2, 3; # warns
30 use indirect; # lexically disables the pragma
31 my $y = new Pear; # legit, does not warn
33 # lexically specify an hook called for each indirect construct
34 no indirect hook => sub {
35 die "You really wanted $_[0]\->$_[1] at $_[2]:$_[3]"
37 my $z = new Pineapple 'fresh'; # croaks 'You really wanted...'
40 try { ... }; # warns if try() hasn't been declared in this package
42 no indirect 'fatal'; # or ':fatal', 'FATAL', ':Fatal' ...
43 if (defied $foo) { ... } # croaks, note the typo
47 # Globally enable the pragma from the command-line
48 perl -M-indirect=global -e 'my $x = new Banana;' # warns
50 # Globally enforce the pragma each time perl is executed
51 export PERL5OPT="-M-indirect=global,fatal"
52 perl -e 'my $y = new Coconut;' # croaks
56 When enabled, this pragma warns about indirect method calls that are present in your code.
58 The indirect syntax is now considered harmful, since its parsing has many quirks and its use is error prone : when the subroutine C<foo> has not been declared in the current package, C<foo $x> actually compiles to C<< $x->foo >>, and C<< foo { key => 1 } >> to C<< 'key'->foo(1) >>.
59 In L<http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/blog/matt-s-trout/indirect-but-still-fatal>, Matt S. Trout gives an example of an undesirable indirect method call on a block that can cause a particularly bewildering error.
61 This pragma currently does not warn for core functions (C<print>, C<say>, C<exec> or C<system>).
62 This may change in the future, or may be added as optional features that would be enabled by passing options to C<unimport>.
64 This module is B<not> a source filter.
69 if ($ENV{PERL_INDIRECT_PM_DISABLE}) {
70 *_tag = sub ($) { 1 };
71 *I_THREADSAFE = sub () { 1 };
72 *I_FORKSAFE = sub () { 1 };
75 XSLoader::load(__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
81 =head2 C<< unimport [ 'global', hook => $hook | 'fatal' ] >>
83 Magically called when C<no indirect @opts> is encountered.
85 The policy to apply depends on what is first found in C<@opts> :
91 If it is a string that matches C</^:?fatal$/i>, the compilation will croak when the first indirect method call is found.
95 If the key/value pair C<< hook => $hook >> comes first, C<$hook> will be called for each error with a string representation of the object as C<$_[0]>, the method name as C<$_[1]>, the current file as C<$_[2]> and the line number as C<$_[3]>.
96 If and only if the object is actually a block, C<$_[0]> is assured to start by C<'{'>.
100 If none of C<fatal> and C<hook> are specified, a warning will be emitted for each indirect method call.
104 If C<@opts> contains a string that matches C</^:?global$/i>, the pragma will be globally enabled for B<all> code compiled after the current C<no indirect> statement, except for code that is in the lexical scope of C<use indirect>.
105 This option may come indifferently before or after the C<fatal> or C<hook> options, in the case they are also passed to L</unimport>.
107 The global policy applied is the one resulting of the C<fatal> or C<hook> options, thus defaults to a warning when none of those are specified :
109 no indirect 'global'; # warn for any indirect call
110 no indirect qw<global fatal>; # die on any indirect call
111 no indirect 'global', hook => \&hook # custom global action
113 Note that if another policy is installed by a C<no indirect> statement further in the code, it will overrule the global policy :
115 no indirect 'global'; # warn globally
117 no indirect 'fatal'; # throw exceptions for this lexical scope
119 require Some::Module; # the global policy will apply for the
120 # compilation phase of this module
134 if ($arg eq 'hook') {
137 } elsif ($arg =~ /^:?fatal$/i) {
139 $hook = sub { die msg(@_) };
140 } elsif ($arg =~ /^:?global$/i) {
144 $hook = sub { warn msg(@_) } unless defined $hook;
148 delete $^H{+(__PACKAGE__)};
151 $^H{+(__PACKAGE__)} = _tag($hook);
159 Magically called at each C<use indirect>. Turns the module off.
161 As explained in L</unimport>'s description, an C<use indirect> statement will lexically override a global policy previously installed by C<no indirect 'global', ...> (if there's one).
167 $^H{+(__PACKAGE__)} = _tag(undef);
174 =head2 C<msg $object, $method, $file, $line>
176 Returns the default error message that C<indirect> generates when an indirect method call is reported.
183 join ' ', "Indirect call of method \"$_[1]\" on",
184 ($obj =~ /^\s*\{/ ? "a block" : "object \"$obj\""),
185 "at $_[2] line $_[3].\n";
190 =head2 C<I_THREADSAFE>
192 True iff the module could have been built with thread-safety features enabled.
196 True iff this module could have been built with fork-safety features enabled.
197 This will always be true except on Windows where it's false for perl 5.10.0 and below .
201 =head2 C<Indirect call of method "%s" on object "%s" at %s line %d.>
203 The default warning/exception message thrown when an indirect method call on an object is found.
205 =head2 C<Indirect call of method "%s" on a block at %s line %d.>
207 The default warning/exception message thrown when an indirect method call on a block is found.
211 =head2 C<PERL_INDIRECT_PM_DISABLE>
213 If this environment variable is set to true when the pragma is used for the first time, the XS code won't be loaded and, although the C<'indirect'> lexical hint will be set to true in the scope of use, the pragma itself won't do anything.
214 In this case, the pragma will always be considered to be thread-safe, and as such L</I_THREADSAFE> will be true.
215 This is useful for disabling C<indirect> in production environments.
217 Note that clearing this variable after C<indirect> was loaded has no effect.
218 If you want to re-enable the pragma later, you also need to reload it by deleting the C<'indirect.pm'> entry from C<%INC>.
222 The implementation was tweaked to work around several limitations of vanilla C<perl> pragmas : it's thread safe, and does not suffer from a C<perl 5.8.x-5.10.0> bug that causes all pragmas to propagate into C<require>d scopes.
224 Before C<perl> 5.12, C<meth $obj> (no semicolon) at the end of a file is not seen as an indirect method call, although it is as soon as there is another token before the end (as in C<meth $obj;> or C<meth $obj 1>).
225 If you use C<perl> 5.12 or greater, those constructs are correctly reported.
227 With 5.8 perls, the pragma does not propagate into C<eval STRING>.
228 This is due to a shortcoming in the way perl handles the hints hash, which is addressed in perl 5.10.
230 The search for indirect method calls happens before constant folding.
231 Hence C<my $x = new Class if 0> will be caught.
238 This module may happen to build with a C++ compiler as well, but don't rely on it, as no guarantee is made in this regard.
240 L<XSLoader> (standard since perl 5.006).
244 Vincent Pit, C<< <perl at profvince.com> >>, L<http://www.profvince.com>.
246 You can contact me by mail or on C<irc.perl.org> (vincent).
250 Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-indirect at rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=indirect>.
251 I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
255 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
259 Tests code coverage report is available at L<http://www.profvince.com/perl/cover/indirect>.
261 =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
263 Bram, for motivation and advices.
265 Andrew Main and Florian Ragwitz, for testing on real-life code and reporting issues.
267 =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
269 Copyright 2008,2009,2010,2011 Vincent Pit, all rights reserved.
271 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.