1 package Regexp::Wildcards;
7 use Text::Balanced qw/extract_bracketed/;
11 Regexp::Wildcards - Converts wildcard expressions to Perl regular expressions.
19 use vars qw/$VERSION/;
26 use Regexp::Wildcards;
28 my $rw = Regexp::Wildcards->new(type => 'unix');
31 $re = $rw->convert('a{b?,c}*'); # Do it Unix shell style.
32 $re = $rw->convert('a?,b*', 'win32'); # Do it Windows shell style.
33 $re = $rw->convert('*{x,y}?', 'jokers'); # Process the jokers and escape the rest.
34 $re = $rw->convert('%a_c%', 'sql'); # Turn SQL wildcards into regexps.
36 $rw = Regexp::Wildcards->new(
37 do => [ qw/jokers brackets/ ], # Do jokers and brackets.
38 capture => [ qw/any greedy/ ], # Capture *'s greedily.
41 $rw->do(add => 'groups'); # Don't escape groups.
42 $rw->capture(rem => [ qw/greedy/ ]); # Actually we want non-greedy matches.
43 $re = $rw->convert('*a{,(b)?}?c*'); # '(.*?)a(?:|(b).).c(.*?)'
44 $rw->capture(); # No more captures.
48 In many situations, users may want to specify patterns to match but don't need the full power of regexps.
49 Wildcards make one of those sets of simplified rules.
50 This module converts wildcard expressions to Perl regular expressions, so that you can use them for matching.
52 It handles the C<*> and C<?> jokers, as well as Unix bracketed alternatives C<{,}>, but also C<%> and C<_> SQL wildcards.
53 If required, it can also keep original C<(...)> groups or C<^> and C<$> anchors.
54 Backspace (C<\>) is used as an escape character.
56 Typesets that mimic the behaviour of Windows and Unix shells are also provided.
63 croak 'First argument isn\'t a valid ' . __PACKAGE__ . ' object'
64 unless ref $_[0] and $_[0]->isa(__PACKAGE__);
68 jokers => [ qw/jokers/ ],
70 commas => [ qw/commas/ ],
71 brackets => [ qw/brackets/ ],
72 unix => [ qw/jokers brackets/ ],
73 win32 => [ qw/jokers commas/ ],
75 $types{$_} = $types{win32} for qw/dos os2 MSWin32 cygwin/;
76 $types{$_} = $types{unix} for qw/linux
78 aix irix hpux dgux dynixptx
80 svr4 solaris sunos dec_osf
81 sco_sv unicos unicosmk/;
93 single => sub { $_[1] ? '(.)' : '.' },
94 any => sub { $_[1] ? ($_[0]->{greedy} ? '(.*)'
97 brackets => sub { $_[1] ? '(' : '(?:'; },
106 $old = { } unless defined $old;
110 $opts{set} = defined $_[0] ? $_[0] : { };
112 croak 'Arguments must be passed as an unique scalar or as key => value pairs';
118 for (qw/set add rem/) {
120 next unless defined $opt;
122 '' => sub { +{ ($_[0] => 1) x (exists $valid->{$_[0]}) } },
123 'ARRAY' => sub { +{ map { ($_ => 1) x (exists $valid->{$_}) } @{$_[0]} } },
124 'HASH' => sub { +{ map { ($_ => $_[0]->{$_}) x (exists $valid->{$_}) }
127 croak 'Wrong option set' unless $cb;
128 $checked{$_} = $cb->($opt);
131 my $config = (exists $checked{set}) ? $checked{set} : $old;
132 $config->{$_} = $checked{add}->{$_} for grep $checked{add}->{$_},
133 keys %{$checked{add} || {}};
134 delete $config->{$_} for grep $checked{rem}->{$_},
135 keys %{$checked{rem} || {}};
143 $config->{do} = $self->_validate(\%escapes, $self->{do}, @_);
144 $config->{escape} = '';
145 $config->{escape} .= $escapes{$_} for keys %{$config->{do}};
146 $config->{escape} = quotemeta $config->{escape};
153 my $config = $self->_do(@_);
154 $self->{$_} = $config->{$_} for keys %$config;
161 $config->{capture} = $self->_validate(\%captures, $self->{capture}, @_);
162 $config->{greedy} = delete $config->{capture}->{greedy};
163 for (keys %captures) {
164 $config->{'c_' . $_} = $captures{$_}->($config, $config->{capture}->{$_})
165 if $captures{$_}; # Skip 'greedy'
173 my $config = $self->_capture(@_);
174 $self->{$_} = $config->{$_} for keys %$config;
179 my ($self, $type) = @_;
180 $type = 'unix' unless defined $type;
181 croak 'Wrong type' unless exists $types{$type};
182 my $config = $self->_do($types{$type});
183 $config->{type} = $type;
190 my $config = $self->_type(@_);
191 $self->{$_} = $config->{$_} for keys %$config;
197 $class = ref($class) || $class || __PACKAGE__;
198 croak 'Optional arguments must be passed as key => value pairs' if @_ % 2;
202 if (defined $args{do}) {
203 $self->do($args{do});
205 $self->type($args{type});
207 $self->capture($args{capture});
210 =head2 C<< new [ do => $what E<verbar> type => $type ], capture => $captures >>
212 Constructs a new L<Regexp::Wildcard> object.
214 C<do> lists all features that should be enabled when converting wildcards to regexps.
215 Refer to L</do> for details on what can be passed in C<$what>.
217 The C<type> specifies a predefined set of C<do> features to use.
218 See L</type> for details on which types are valid.
219 The C<do> option overrides C<type>.
221 C<capture> lists which atoms should be capturing.
222 Refer to L</capture> for more details.
224 =head2 C<< do [ $what E<verbar> set => $c1, add => $c2, rem => $c3 ] >>
226 Specifies the list of metacharacters to convert or to prevent for escaping.
227 They fit into six classes :
233 C<'jokers'> converts C<?> to C<.> and C<*> to C<.*> ;
235 'a**\\*b??\\?c' ==> 'a.*\\*b..\\?c'
239 C<'sql'> converts C<_> to C<.> and C<%> to C<.*> ;
241 'a%%\\%b__\\_c' ==> 'a.*\\%b..\\_c'
245 C<'commas'> converts all C<,> to C<|> and puts the complete resulting regular expression inside C<(?: ... )> ;
247 'a,b{c,d},e' ==> '(?:a|b\\{c|d\\}|e)'
251 C<'brackets'> converts all matching C<{ ... , ... }> brackets to C<(?: ... | ... )> alternations.
252 If some brackets are unbalanced, it tries to substitute as many of them as possible, and then escape the remaining unmatched C<{> and C<}>.
253 Commas outside of any bracket-delimited block are also escaped ;
255 'a,b{c,d},e' ==> 'a\\,b(?:c|d)\\,e'
256 '{a\\{b,c}d,e}' ==> '(?:a\\{b|c)d\\,e\\}'
257 '{a{b,c\\}d,e}' ==> '\\{a\\{b\\,c\\}d\\,e\\}'
261 C<'groups'> keeps the parenthesis C<( ... )> of the original string without escaping them.
262 Currently, no check is done to ensure that the parenthesis are matching.
264 'a(b(c))d\\(\\)' ==> (no change)
268 C<'anchors'> prevents the I<beginning-of-line> C<^> and I<end-of-line> C<$> anchors to be escaped.
269 Since C<[...]> character class are currently escaped, a C<^> will always be interpreted as I<beginning-of-line>.
271 'a^b$c' ==> (no change)
275 Each C<$c> can be any of :
281 A hash reference, with wanted metacharacter group names (described above) as keys and booleans as values ;
285 An array reference containing the list of wanted metacharacter classes ;
289 A plain scalar, when only one group is required.
293 When C<set> is present, the classes given as its value replace the current object options.
294 Then the C<add> classes are added, and the C<rem> classes removed.
296 Passing a sole scalar C<$what> is equivalent as passing C<< set => $what >>.
297 No argument means C<< set => [ ] >>.
299 $rw->do(set => 'jokers'); # Only translate jokers.
300 $rw->do('jokers'); # Same.
301 $rw->do(add => [ qw/sql commas/ ]); # Translate also SQL and commas.
302 $rw->do(rem => 'jokers'); # Specifying both 'sql' and 'jokers' is useless.
303 $rw->do(); # Translate nothing.
305 The C<do> method returns the L<Regexp::Wildcards> object.
309 Notifies to convert the metacharacters that corresponds to the predefined type C<$type>.
310 C<$type> can be any of :
316 C<'jokers'>, C<'sql'>, C<'commas'>, C<'brackets'>
318 Singleton types that enable the corresponding C<do> classes.
324 Covers typical Unix shell globbing features (effectively C<'jokers'> and C<'brackets'>).
328 C<$^O> values for common Unix systems
330 Wrap to C<'unix'> (see L<perlport> for the list).
336 Defaults to C<'unix'>.
342 Covers typical Windows shell globbing features (effectively C<'jokers'> and C<'commas'>).
346 C<'dos'>, C<'os2'>, C<'MSWin32'>, C<'cygwin'>
352 In particular, you can usually pass C<$^O> as the C<$type> and get the corresponding shell behaviour.
354 $rw->type('win32'); # Set type to win32.
355 $rw->type($^O); # Set type to unix on Unices and win32 on Windows
356 $rw->type(); # Set type to unix.
358 The C<type> method returns the L<Regexp::Wildcards> object.
360 =head2 C<< capture [ $captures E<verbar> set => $c1, add => $c2, rem => $c3 ] >>
362 Specifies the list of atoms to capture.
363 This method works like L</do>, except that the classes are different :
369 C<'single'> will capture all unescaped I<"exactly one"> metacharacters, i.e. C<?> for wildcards or C<_> for SQL ;
371 'a???b\\??' ==> 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\?(.)'
372 'a___b\\__' ==> 'a(.)(.)(.)b\\_(.)'
376 C<'any'> will capture all unescaped I<"any"> metacharacters, i.e. C<*> for wildcards or C<%> for SQL ;
378 'a***b\\**' ==> 'a(.*)b\\*(.*)'
379 'a%%%b\\%%' ==> 'a(.*)b\\%(.*)'
383 C<'greedy'>, when used in conjunction with C<'any'>, will make the C<'any'> captures greedy (by default they are not) ;
385 'a***b\\**' ==> 'a(.*?)b\\*(.*?)'
386 'a%%%b\\%%' ==> 'a(.*?)b\\%(.*?)'
390 C<'brackets'> will capture matching C<{ ... , ... }> alternations.
392 'a{b\\},\\{c}' ==> 'a(b\\}|\\{c)'
396 $rw->capture(set => 'single'); # Only capture "exactly one" metacharacters.
397 $rw->capture('single'); # Same.
398 $rw->capture(add => [ qw/any greedy/ ]); # Also greedily capture "any" metacharacters.
399 $rw->capture(rem => 'greedy'); # No more greed please.
400 $rw->capture(); # Capture nothing.
402 =head2 C<convert $wc [ , $type ]>
404 Converts the wildcard expression C<$wc> into a regular expression according to the options stored into the L<Regexp::Wildcards> object, or to C<$type> if it's supplied.
405 It successively escapes all unprotected regexp special characters that doesn't hold any meaning for wildcards, then replace C<'jokers'> or C<'sql'> and C<'commas'> or C<'brackets'> (depending on the L</do> or L</type> options), all of this by applying the C<'capture'> rules specified in the constructor or by L</capture>.
410 my ($self, $wc, $type) = @_;
412 my $config = (defined $type) ? $self->_type($type) : $self;
413 return unless defined $wc;
414 my $do = $config->{do};
415 my $e = $config->{escape};
416 $wc =~ s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*[^\w\s\\$e])/\\$1/g;
418 $wc = $self->_jokers($wc);
419 } elsif ($do->{sql}) {
420 $wc = $self->_sql($wc);
422 if ($do->{brackets}) {
423 $wc = $self->_bracketed($wc);
424 } elsif ($do->{commas}) {
425 if ($wc =~ /(?<!\\)(?:\\\\)*,/) { # win32 allows comma-separated lists
426 $wc = $self->{'c_brackets'} . $self->_commas($wc) . ')';
434 An object module shouldn't export any function, and so does this one.
438 L<Carp> (core module since perl 5), L<Text::Balanced> (since 5.7.3).
442 This module does not implement the strange behaviours of Windows shell that result from the special handling of the three last characters (for the file extension).
443 For example, Windows XP shell matches C<*a> like C<.*a>, C<*a?> like C<.*a.?>, C<*a??> like C<.*a.{0,2}> and so on.
451 Vincent Pit, C<< <perl at profvince.com> >>, L<http://www.profvince.com>.
453 You can contact me by mail or on C<irc.perl.org> (vincent).
457 Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-regexp-wildcards at rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Regexp-Wildcards>. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
461 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
463 perldoc Regexp::Wildcards
465 Tests code coverage report is available at L<http://www.profvince.com/perl/cover/Regexp-Wildcards>.
467 =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
469 Copyright 2007-2008 Vincent Pit, all rights reserved.
471 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
472 under the same terms as Perl itself.
476 sub _extract ($) { extract_bracketed $_[0], '{', qr/.*?(?<!\\)(?:\\\\)*(?={)/ }
481 # escape an odd number of \ that doesn't protect a regexp/wildcard special char
482 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*\\(?:[\w\s]|$))/\\$1/g;
483 # substitute ? preceded by an even number of \
484 my $s = $self->{c_single};
485 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*)\?/$1$s/g;
486 # substitute * preceded by an even number of \
488 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*)\*+/$1$s/g;
495 # escape an odd number of \ that doesn't protect a regexp/wildcard special char
496 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*\\(?:[^\W_]|\s|$))/\\$1/g;
497 # substitute _ preceded by an even number of \
498 my $s = $self->{c_single};
499 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*)_/$1$s/g;
500 # substitute % preceded by an even number of \
502 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*)%+/$1$s/g;
508 # substitute , preceded by an even number of \
509 s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*),/$1|/g;
514 my ($self, $rest) = @_;
515 substr $rest, 0, 1, '';
517 my ($re, $bracket, $prefix) = ('');
518 while (do { ($bracket, $rest, $prefix) = _extract $rest; $bracket }) {
519 $re .= $self->_commas($prefix) . $self->_brackets($bracket);
521 $re .= $self->_commas($rest);
522 return $self->{c_brackets} . $re . ')';
526 my ($self, $rest) = @_;
527 my ($re, $bracket, $prefix) = ('');
528 while (do { ($bracket, $rest, $prefix) = _extract $rest; $bracket }) {
529 $re .= $prefix . $self->_brackets($bracket);
532 $re =~ s/(?<!\\)((?:\\\\)*[\{\},])/\\$1/g;
536 1; # End of Regexp::Wildcards